Exo Bronco is a project team aiming to build high powered two stage rockets that reach the Karman Line. Currently, we're attempting to achieve the first successful high-powered rocket launch at Cal Poly Pomona. I started on Exo Bronco as a Sophomore, where I designed an interstage and conducted structural analysis to evaluate its performance under estimated loading conditions. In 2024, I was appointed as a lead where I led many design iterations and thorough testing of the interstage to ensure its capability for a high powered rocket launch. After an unsuccessful launch, I was appointed project manager in 2025. Since then, I've led subteams to conduct thorough analysis, investigations, and optimizations on various rocket components, including the development of a 0.003" tolerance on a new aluminum interstage. Aerodynamic analysis revealed a sub-optimal stability caliber and this was promptly adjusted by moving the center of mass of the rocket forward. I assisted with the rocket's manufacturing and assembly. Following the team's hard work and dedication marked the first successful 2-stage launch at Cal Poly Pomona on February 7, 2026 after 5 years of attempts!

A team on campus was attempting to develop an autonomous glider recovery capsule. The goal was to be able to control not just that a rocket lands safely but also precisely where it lands. Tests needed to be conducted by dropping the glider from a building. I developed code that filled these constraints by logging data obtained from an IMU and GPS to onboard SPIFFS with an ESP32. I then programmed the ESP32 to create its own access point, run an HTML webpage, and send the data over HTTP once the test was finished. This allowed anyone with a laptop to connect to the ESP32's AP and go to a simple testing page to begin data recording and end it. It would deliver it in the form of a CSV file so that it would be easy to open and resulted in accelerated testing.

The goal was to develop an autonomous delivery drone. I designed the airframe and selected brushless motors and ESCs as well as all necessary onboard sensors. I selected Li-ion battery packs that were sufficient for 30 minutes of flight with a factor of safety. A Raspberry Pi 4 was used as the flight controller. I integrated GPS and a YOLO-based detection pipeline for perception and developed a Kalman filter to achieve accurate position data between the GPS and IMU. To tune the control loop, we gimbaled the drone between 2 tables using a pool cue stick we got from our dorm. We manually tuned PID and achieved stable initial flights (although lots of positional drift), then paused the project due to regulatory restrictions. I may revisit this project to explore the potential for nonlinear controllers!

When Sora 1.0 (video generator model by OpenAI) came out, the videos were not capable of generating audio. I set out to generate plausible audio from short video clips to solve this issue. I implemented a CNN-to-latent-to-spectrogram architecture (basically a VAE). I found 10000 2-second youtube clips in a dataset provided by google which already contained text embeddings as to what the noise is. I fed these into the VAE and reconstructed waveforms via inverse STFT while iterating losses. While the model was unsuccessful, it clarified the need for more training data and a new model architecture, potentially with transformers.

For fun, I wanted to make a tracking system that would point a high-power laser at something (inspired by a laser mosquito killer I saw on the internet). I developed a stereo vision camera and handled computing on a Raspberry Pi 4, where I calculated disparity and triangulated objects. I used a YOLO model for object detection and was able to detect people as well as localize them in 3D space. I had a 2-axis servo gimbal where I calculated the angles the servos had to move at to point at the detect object. And, it worked! It was a lot of fun to make.

Due to the growing use of LLMs, I wanted to make a home assistant with a more interactable LLM agent integrated so that you don't just have an assistant, but a fun AI to talk to! Using OpenAI's API documentation for their realtime models, I developed a full-duplex pipeline with minimal latency. I developed a neural network for wake-word detection and manually obtained training data over the course of a week to obtain 99% accuracy. I implemented an ESP32-C6 as a modem to run Zigbee commands (popular with smarthome devices). In short, it was capable of turning on and off any lights as well as detecting them without the need for any apps! It could self discover all your smarthome devices, connect to them, figure out their capabilities, and control them at your will. I also developed another variant that connects to your whiteboard and contains a camera. It fed your whiteboard feed into ChatGPT so that it could see what you're writing, reason, and assist you. Soon after, Amazon came out with a software update with LLM integration for all their Alexas for similar capability!

As my senior project, I worked with a few other students to develop a dextrous but high power output biomechatronic foot. We used several clever mechanisms to make this happen. First, I used a clever linkage mechanism to achieve co-actuation which increased our power efficiency average by 50%!. We selected plastic bushings to save on cost while reducing friction and minimizing backlash. We used 4 brushless motors paired with O drive controllers to achieve co-actuation for inversion, eversion, plantarflexion, dorsiflexion, as well as toe actuation. Resistor-based pressure sensors were placed along the bottom of the foot, and encoders were placed at key joints to interpolate the current state of the system. I designed a custom PCB to house low voltage electronics as well as handle power distribution. The PCB had a Teensy 4.1 for compute and also housed an IMU for state estimation. Trace width calculations were conducted to ensure the board would not overheat. I used a CAN transceiver and designed some length-matched traces to a JST-GH connector to communicate via CAN to the FOCs.